Lithium Clinical Considerations in Internal Medicine

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

Macbeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Macbeth - Essay Example The past progress on the war zone and the satisfaction of the principal prescience cause the once incredulous Macbeth to join earnestness to the witches’ words. Macbeth, through the help of Lady Macbeth, battles to make the prediction valid in all manners conceivable. All through the play, Macbeth’s activities are spurred by the presence of extraordinary components, from the witches to Banquo’s phantom to the bad dreams and the Apparitions among others. A basic examination of supernaturalism in the catastrophe in association with Macbeth’s life uncovers the impact of the components of his activities. The trio of witches that Macbeth experiences at the beginning of the play impacts practically the entirety of his activities from this time forward. After the destruction of two distinct militaries (from Ireland and Norway) attacking Scotland, Macbeth and Banquo meet the witches who give them the prescience that shapes their life completely. The witches’ prescience appears of incredible effect on Macbeth as it triggers the journey for the accomplishment of intensity. To Macbeth, the First Witch, the Second Witch, and the Third Witch say, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!† and â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be above all else hereafter!† separately (Shakespeare 8). Despite the fact that Macbeth holds their words with doubt from the outset, they impact his life and activities to aggregate. The satisfaction of the primary prescience made continuously Witch, naming Macbeth as the Thane of Cawdor propels the vast majority of his activities from there on. This is a reasonable sign that supernaturalism assumes a broad job in the advancement of the character of Macbeth. Concerning his authority as the Thane of Cawdor, the Second Witch says, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!† (Shakespeare 8).Macbeth despises the witches from the outset. The prescience happens subsequent to King Duncan offers thanks towards Macbeth and Banquo for the accomplishment on the combat zone. Macbeth is named

How to Write Essay Sample That Makes the Reader Impressed

How to Write Essay Sample That Makes the Reader ImpressedThe way you write your amazing essay samples is a key component in turning it into a powerful winning essay. If you plan to use academic writing, then it's highly important that you follow the steps on how to write good essays in general. The rules are the same for everyone else; a few simple tips here and there can help you make your writing style more compelling and professional.If you're thinking of starting out by using academic writing for your college essays, then take note that this will not be an easy task. This is something that requires extensive skills. A basic outline is required; one that includes the main points of the essay. Take time to plan out a few ideas, use charts and diagrams to help you visually portray your ideas in a clearer manner.Academic writing requires extensive research and the ability to concisely present ideas in essay samples. There are no time constraints to get this done because it can go on for several pages. Be sure to include as much as you can to make it convincing.Keep in mind that the more information that you have to discuss, the better is the academic writing. To help your argument stand out, you must use long, thought-provoking sentences. Do not rely on ellipses, double quotes or other such methods to convey information and get attention.Find out what questions the reader has to answer, and provide clear answers using a question phrase or a single sentence. An effective essay sample can get the job done by providing good information at the right time. Use all the available resources like books, magazines, internet, newspapers and so on to help you get information that makes the reader think.One of the best ways to write is by starting with the thesis statement and ending with the conclusion. This is a good method when you want to convey an idea in a particular order. Keep in mind that writing an essay requires a lot of effort, so don't expect miracles.Other ess ay samples you can use are case studies and exercises. These are all examples of effective essays you can use to create impressive essay samples.

The Use Of Technology For Teaching - 1374 Words

â€Å"The use of technology for teaching has become an integral part of successful learning and teaching languages in many parts of the world† (Abukhattala 262). Despite natural human capability to learn a native language, it is immensely difficult to obtain fluency in a second language. For this reason, countries around the world have started utilizing technology to facilitate learning. For children in Libya, English is viewed as a prerequisite to being successful in both career and personal life. Technology enabled the students to surpass the traditional, and inefficient, means of learning English as a second language. â€Å"[The] practice involves a heavy emphasis on grammatical rules, vocabulary memorization and translation of (mostly†¦show more content†¦However, these means were very counterintuitive because they did not successfully facilitate learning. There was a great need for an effective method to learn and teach second languages, but it was nearly imposs ible to integrate a culture and language of one area into another successfully. The geographical distance between people of different nationalities made communication impossible, and no universally applicable teaching tool existed for students around the world to learn the same language. As English began to dominate the business, economic, and social sector of the world, learning the language was absolutely required for people of developing countries. Learning languages can also be necessary for people moving to another country, for the general preservation of culture within smaller indigenous peoples, and for the participation in linguistics in general. The emergence of technology has had a significant effect on learning languages in multiple facets. It solves for all the difficulties present in commonplace learning, both in formal and informal environments. Computers and the Internet have allowed for increased universal access to learning materials that are comprehensive and origi nal that can be utilized around the world. In this way, technology has created an unprecedented way of achieving second language acquisition. Numerous case studies have

Banned Books On The American School System - 1824 Words

Banned Books in the American School System Literary works are the foundation for education and are crucial for multiple reasons, some of which include that literature obtains a large variety of information that is at times not accessible to students by computers and teachers alone. Another advantage is adults and children alike improve their understanding and knowledge of certain topics whilst improving their intelligence of the language itself. Banning literary pieces of work is unjustifiable and proves to students that if something is not agreeable within a book, shielding its contents is the next honorary thing to do in order to prevent disruption. High schools should not ban books due to their excessive profanity, violence, sexual content and unagreeable topics because this restriction prevents young readers from developing a better understanding of the society they live in, and could counter act a new change and lessons to be learned. The Island Trees School District vs Pico was a court case that traveled all the way to the supreme court due to the violation of the students first amendment rights. In 1975, the Parents of New York United, an organization known for their conservative ideals, hosted a conference in which they discussed a list of thirty-three, â€Å"objectionable books†, that should be prohibited due to its inappropriate content. The inappropriate material that was protested included sexual references and political comments that went against Parents of NewShow MoreRelatedCensorship in Literature and Why We Need to Get Rid of It815 Words   |  3 PagesHarry Potter. The Giver. To Kill A Mockingbird. And Tango Makes Three. Of Mice And Men. The Witches. The list goes on forever. These are all books that have been banned for profanity, references to the occult and witchcraft, references to drugs and alcohol, and many other reasons. Censorship could have started as early as 339 BCE in Rome, when Socrates, a renowned Greek Philosopher, was sentenced to drink poison for his corruption of youth and his acknowledgement of unorthodox divinities (Newth 1)Read MoreBooks Like The Harry Potter Series, Go Ask Alice, Or The Hunger Games1417 Words   |  6 Pagesimagine what a banned book consist of, is it drugs, sex, racial issues, or witchcraft? The answer is it could be all of the above. Chances are, you have once read and maybe even declared a banned book your favorite book. Books like the Harry Potter series, Go Ask Alice, or The Hunger Games series are all on the banned book list. These books are often removed from schools or public library shelves. â€Å"For many years, American schools have been pressured to restrict or deny students access to books or periodicalsRead MoreOf Mice and Men Argumentative Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesrepeatedly banned by school boards. Why might this book have been banned? Is such an action justified? In a five-paragraph essay, take a position for or against banning this novel. Use your three body paragraphs to develop each of th ree reasons for or against banning the novel. The Lost Portion of Human Society Right from the beginning of human civilization, books had become the vital flame that ignited many great achievements. John Steinbeck, one of the greatest writers in the American historyRead MoreWhy Book Should Not Be Suppressed1500 Words   |  6 PagesSahil Dosani Professor Shani Suber DIRW-0310-71031 19 October 2016 Why a Book Should not be Suppressed When books are forbidden, it illuminates a refusal of the censors to look at the world with open eyes; they close their eyes like they closed the banned book. Banning books uncovers more about the control than the book or the writer brought into the glare of publicity. Those who advocate banning books do so for various reasons, usually inappropriate language or social situations based on the perceivedRead MoreEthnic Studies in Arizona: Both Sides of the Story1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tucson Unified School District Board elected to suspend the Mexican-American Studies Program to be in compliance with the state law Arizona statute ARS 15-112. This decision was also made to avoid losing ten percent of its budget in this period of a struggling economy; but that does not complete the story. The history of disagreement began when Tom Horne, the State Superintendent of Schools, during the last days of his term found Tucson School District in violation of all four provisions of theRead MoreWhat are Banned Books? Fahrenheit 451 Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesMany books have been questioned and challenged. Even as far as to banning them. But what exactly is a banned book and why are they banned? A banned book is a book that has been censored by an authority, a government body, a library, or a even school system. A book that has been banned is actually removed from a library or school system. The actual contextual reasons as to banning them is use of explicit violence, gore, sexuality, explicit language, religion, or dark times in history. On the non-contextualRead MoreCensorship Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesWith this in mind, does the government have the right to undermine the foundation of our nation, and censor what we read, watch, and listen to? Many people think not, but there are those who believe that censorship is better for the people. Some Americans believe that censorship is a benefit to society. These people think that the government should decide what is appropriate or inappropriate for the people to see, and do away with the inappropriate music, articles, and novels. There have been alterationsRead More Censorship Should NOT be Placed on Books Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship Should NOT be Placed on Books   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Censorship... a system under which official censors must give permission before communications of a specified type can lawfully be made (Wilgoren, 1). Recently censorship has become a major problem in our society. Censorship should not be banned on books. People should not be told they cannot read a book. Unfortunately history has shown that words can be used for ill as well as for good, to destroy lives as well as to enhance them? (SteffensRead MoreHuck Finn: Racist or Not Racist?760 Words   |  4 Pagesendless amounts of criticism about his racist’s comments in his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The character of Jim is demeaning to African-Americans as he is portrayed as a foolish, uneducated, black slave. The â€Å"n† word is also used in the book describing him and many other African-American characters in the story. However, some see this book as anti-racist and believe that the use of racist’s comments is not racist at all. Those who think that are mistaken because Huck Finn in clearlyRead MoreStudents Overall Learning Environment And Negatively Impact Teen s Transitions Into Adult hood942 Words   |  4 Pages Certain schools around the United States have researched many books that could be disruptive to students’ overall learning environment and negatively impact teen’s transitions into adulthood. A banned book or challenged book is book that the government thinks the contents inside are wrong for the minds of the person. Some books are banned by the government or school systems due to what students are able to read. Books can be banned due to sexual reference, controversial religious viewpoints, and

How is Monopolistic Competition Like Monopoly - Get Sample Here

Question: Discuss about the Market Structures Like Monopoly, Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition in Australia. Answer: Introduction: The Australian market is undergoing a huge change due to mitigating the changing preferences of the customers towards the produced procurement action. In the context of the existing statement, Carson et al. (2014) determined that along with the technical advancement, the preferences of the customers are changing, which widens the scope of competition between the market players. The particular action has also increased the opportunities for the new marketers to penetrate into the market and convince the potential prospects with the individual business concept. Considering the previous concept, Kassimatis (2008) asserted that the changing behavioural actions of the Australian customers had enhanced the business scope for the new types of market participants with creative communication and production policies. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) have expressed its market reliability rules across the regional systems, dark liquidity and high trading frequency. The specific sets of rules are built on the previous announcement, by the Minister for Financial Services and Superannuation (Kassimatis, 2008). The Australian market scenario represents that the markets fight to initiate the advanced oligopoly position within the region. The customers have generated demand for all sorts of products. Thus, the market is entirely comprised of the monopoly, oligopoly and the monopolistic marketers. Therefore, the thesis statement of the essay signifies that the reforming Australian market structure has increased the opportunity for the monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. McKenzie and Lee (2007) stated that the monopoly industry could be termed as one supplier of a commodity, which has no substitutes. Therefore, the monopoly marketers hardly experience, an entry barrier. In the framework of the similar statement, Carson et al. (2014) inferred that Some of the barriers in the monopoly market include, resistor over important raw materials, tariff protection, regulated by the importers and temporarily low price range to enforce the competition. In the similar instance, Lele (2007) specified that the organisations involved in the supply water and the gas are the Australian domestic monopolies, which includes the enterprises like Australian post and Sydney water supply. Due to the absence of the other related firms in the monopoly market, the marketer receives the advantage of setting the price ranges of the offered commodity and simultaneously the consumers are left with no other options but to get convinced with the companys policies. On the other hand, the oligopoly market is comprised small numbers of firms that dominate the supply to the entire market. According to Pagel and Wey (2012), in Australia, the oligopoly can be identified as the foremost market form. The market size of Australia is relatively small and it is located far from the overseas markets, which demands a wider numbers of producers. The above reasons are the primary causes that turned the Australian market to be explicitly competitive. In the particular market, it is difficult for the new brands with limited market share to penetrate (Kassimatis, 2008). The majority of the marketers experience the complexities of affording the massive expenditure of the market. The new marketers experience the issue due to the presence of the existing firms into the particular market. The businesses that are operating in the market from the previous tenure have already developed a unified set of customers, which entrust a major threat towards the new enterprise s. Considering the opinion of Pagel and Wey (2012), the oligopoly market states that a small number of firms entirely dominates the overall market. In the country of Australia, there are a low number of oligopoly firms in the overall industry as there are entry barriers into the market of Australia. As per the view of Amin (2008), the entry barriers of an oligopolistic market includes the financial resources that are highly required to enter into the Australian market. The regulation to enter into the market is imposed by the Australian government. The oligopolistic market in the country is also combined with the high degree of differentiated products. In the opinion of Pagel and Wey (2012), the competition between the oligopoly, monopoly and the monopolistic market is entirely based on the sales, not for the price. There is another factor of actions that subsequently affects the other firms in the market. Concerning the oligopolistic market, it has been identified that the activities o f one firm are directly affecting the other companies belonging from the industry. The entire automobile industry is the example of an oligopoly market. For an example, Amin (208) mentioned that Kelloggs and Holden's car are the right examples of the oligopoly company. The oligopoly is an industry in Australia has a standard price target for achieving the greatest price and output of the industry. Furthermore, the monopolistic market competition demonstrates a common market structure in which the firms have many competitors by selling marginally different types of products. Many small businesses operating in the Australia are under the norms and regulations of the monopolistic market. According to the opinion of Pawe Modkowski (2009), the monopolistic competition in Australian market includes the independent and owned operated services such as restaurants, high-street stores, etc. In the context of the restaurant business, each one of the business entity offers different types of products along with the unique element (Sa, 2015). It has been observed that all the business owners are competing for grasping the same customer base. In the Australian market, there is no hard-coded rules and laws for the monopolistic market business unit. Thus, the expansion of the monopolistic market becomes easier in Australia. Supporting this, Pawe Modkowski (2009) added that the freedom to ente r or leave the market had increased the monopolistic competition with the central feature of a diversified product range. Adding to this, Sa (2015) mentioned that the cost of production in the monopolistic market is entirely designed by the entrepreneur as the marketers make the independent decisions. Hence, the firms in the monopolistic market are assumed to be the most profit maximisers in the Australian market. The current research context has helped to understand that the monopoly firm in the Australia has the marginal revenue and tries to enhance its demand for the products. However, the oligopoly market has sales competition in terms to increase the market share. The marketers in the oligopoly market have to face some entry and exit barriers while operating in the market of Australia. On the other hand, the monopolistic market in Australia is more flexible as the market players from this structure can independently execute the business operation regarding price, products and sales. There are a large number of independent firms from monopolistic market competing in the market of Australia. References: Amin, S. (2008) Market economy or oligopoly-finance capitalism?, Monthly Review, 59(11), pp. 5155. Carson, E., Redmayne, N.B. and Liao, L. (2014) Audit market structure and competition in Australia, Australian Accounting Review, 24(4), pp. 298312. Kassimatis, K. (2008) Size, book to market and momentum effects in the Australian stock market, Australian Journal of Management, 33(1), pp. 145168. Lele, M.M. (2007) Monopoly rules: How to find, capture and control the worlds most lucrative markets in any business. London: Kogan Page. McKenzie, R.B. and Lee, D.R. (2007) In defense of monopoly: How market power fosters creative production. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. Pagel, B. and Wey, C. (2012) Unionization structures in international oligopoly, Labour, 27(1), pp. 117. Pawe Modkowski, P.M. (2009) Monopolistic market position and losses from monetary integration, Contemporary Economics, 3(4), pp. 122125. Sa, N. (2015) Market structure and welfare under monopolistic competition, Economics Letters, 132(24), pp. 6972.

To what extent is the rule contained in the Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd Essay Example

To what extent is the rule contained in the Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd Paper The company as a separate legal personality from that of its members as defined by the Companies Act 1862 was established in common law by the House of Lords in 1879 when they delivered their judgement in the case of Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd. Indeed, this case is now seminal, with both practitioners and students of the law referring to it as the foundation upon which modern company law is based. However, although the outcome of Salomon v Salomon Co. Ltd is now firmly embedded that is not to say it has not been prone to the effects of the occasional tremor. Since this ruling and some might argue prior to this ruling by the House of Lords questions relating to the interpretation of the act and its scope have been hotly debated. While some see this ruling as clearly interpreting the 1862 act at common law others contend that such an interpretation is too rigid and clearly open to abuse. It would be argued that a separate legal personality in conjunction with limited liability offered the nineteenth century entrepreneur the protection they desperately needed if their business ventures were to grow and expand beyond their personal resources. Others would contend that this ruling was to the detriment of the companys creditors, allowing the unscrupulous individual or individuals to set up a limited company at little expense and little or no risk to themselves. Indeed, some detractors of the outcome of the Salomon v. Salomon Co Ltd ruling have referred to such companies as a sham, a screen and a mere fraud. These, and a plethora of similar terms illustrates perfectly, as Murray A. Pickering states, the degree of uncertainty on the part of the courts on some occasions when dealing with the separate existence of the company (1). We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is the rule contained in the Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is the rule contained in the Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is the rule contained in the Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The uncertainty created by the House of Lords ruling between helping the entrepreneur and protecting the creditors of the business has seen that the principles of the company as a separate legal entity with limited liability not go unchallenged. Since 1879 companies have become more complex in their design and their operation and with out any radical changes in statute to incorporate these, it has been left largely to the courts to respond to these developments. The question of abuse by one or more individuals of the privileged status of the incorporated company has frequently come before the courts since the House of Lords ruling. For instance the potential of a party or parties to operate behind a limited company and perpetrate a fraud upon the companys creditors has been recognised and in recent decades the rise, and in some instances the dominance, of the group of companies (conglomerates and multinationals) has seen the courts set down a number of exceptions to the general principle of incorporation with its inherent benefits as laid down by the Companies Act 1862 as interpreted by the Salomon case. While Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd might form the foundations of modern company law, over the years those foundations have been made more pliable with the courts recognising a number of instances whereby the veil of incorporation can be lifted so as to allow the courts to determine the true nature of the organisation. Before one considers the potential for abuse of the rule as contained with in the Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd case it would be prudent to begin by examining why the law in relation to the company needed to be changed. The background surrounding the eventual House of Lords judgement will then be reviewed before consideration is given to the actual judgement itself. From this vantage point it will then be possible to consider in some detail the potential for abuse together with practical illustrations of how the courts and statute have sought reduce the potential for abuse. Prior to the 1840s there were two routes available to someone seeking to create a company. The first required the company to be incorporated by Royal Charter which in effect gave the company monopolistic power with in its sphere of influence (as defined by the charter). Indeed, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries this was the vehicle that allowed the British Empire to prosper. The other route was for a company to be incorporated by Parliament. However, this route was both time-consuming and expensive and could only be justified in the case of very large undertakings such as the development of the railway. By the middle of the eighteenth century Britain was facing growing competition from its traditional European rivals (in particular France and Germany) and from the rapidly developing and industrialised United States of America. Indeed while the vast majority of Britains economic wealth rested in the hands of family run enterprises America was witnessing the creation of the conglomerate in the hands of such people as Andrew Carnegie (1835 1919) and J. P. Morgan (1837 1913). While Britain had the skills and abilities to compete, the inability for an individual or a group of individuals to raise capital to create comparable enterprises was strangling economic development. It was common practice to insert provisions within the charter of a trading corporation which allowed leviations on its members to pay the corporations debts, a factor which stifled entrepreneurial risk taking. Boyle and Bird in their book Company Law credit the legislation of the 1840s and the 1850s as being responsible for the creation of the registered company that we can recognise today and while those commentating on the Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd case make reference in particular to the 1862 Companies Act one could argue, persuasively, that it was the Joint Stock Companies Acts of 1856, the that provides the bedrock upon which the modern company was formed. This act consolidated and reformed previous legislation. It introduced the memorandum and articles of association while abolishing deeds of settlement and of equal importance it removed previous safeguards for limited liability. These changes in the law were in response to a particular economic reality, the need to finance growth. In conjunction with the skills of the entrepreneur and technological developments these changes helped to stimulate the economy by making it possible to raise capital for a business venture without facing the consequences of unlimited liability should the venture fail. Some thirty years later Mr Salomon, a manufacturer of boots and shoes and trading under the name A Salomon Co. sought to turn his business into a limited company. He adhered to all that was required of him under the Companies Act 1862. However, the judge suggested that the company had a right of indemnity against Mr Salomon, declaring the shareholders of the company were nominees of Mr Salomon. The counter-claim was amended accordingly. Vaughan Williams J. declared that the plaintiffs of A. Salomon Co, Limited or the liquidator were entitled to be indemnified by the defendant A. Salomon. It is interesting to note that his Lordship was attempting to lift the corporate veil, something that a number of courts have done against the backdrop of the House of Lords ruling on Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd in 1879. He stated that this business was Mr Salomons business and no one elses; that he chose to employ as agent a limited company; that he is bound to indemnify that agent, the company; and that his agent, the company, has a lien on the assets which overrides his claim(2) He went on to say In this case it is clear that the relationship of principal and agent existed between Mr Salomon and the company. 3) His Lordship had recognised and attempted to address what was to become one of the major exceptions (the company as an agent of an individual) to the Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd ruling, one which would allow future courts to legitimately lift the corporate veil. Mr Salomon appealed; but the appeal was dismissed thought the grounds for dismissal differed from those expressed by the lower court. Lindley L. J. ntimated that Mr Salomon had acted fraudulently when he said It is manifest that the other members of the company have practically no interest in it, and their names have merely been used by Mr Aron Salomon to enable him to form a company, and to use its name in order to screen himself from liability(4) His suggestion that a fraud had been perpetrated by A. Salomon was clarified when he said There are many small companies which will be quite unaffected by this decision. But there may possibly be some which, like this, are mere devices to enable a man to carry on trade with limited liability, to incur debts in the name of a registered company, and to sweep off the companys assets by means of debentures which he has caused to be issued to himself in order to defeat the claims of those who have been incautious enough to trade with the company without perceiving the trap which he has laid for them(5) While the case went to the House of Lords it is interesting to note that once again the court sought to lift the veil of incorporation in its attempt to discover a fraud which after 1879 would be considered another legitimate reason for lifting the corporate veil. The House of Lords ruling on Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd set the standard against which future cases would be judged. Lord Halsbury L. C. made it clear that it was not the courts role to interpret the Companies Act 1862, The sole guide must be the statute itself(6) He later went on to describe Vaughan Williams J. argument as a singular contradiction, Either the limited company was a legal entity or it was not. If it was, the business belonged to it and not to Mr Salomon. If it was not, there was no person and no thing to be an agent at all; and it is impossible to say at the same time that there is a company and there is not(7) Lord MacNaghten in addressing Vaughan Williams J. ssertion that the signatories to the memorandum of association were mere nominees of Mr Salomon said the Act requires that a memorandum of association should be signed by seven persons, who are each to take one share at least. If those conditions are complied with, what can it matter whether the signatories are relations or strangers(8) Addressing the issue of limited liability and Vaughan Williams J. comments he said If the view of the learned judge were sound, it would follow that no common law partnership could register as a company limited by shares without remaining subject to unlimited liability(9) He dismissed the Court of Appeals suggestion that Mr Salomon had acted fraudulently and went on to say It has beco me the fashion to call companies of this class one man companies. That is a taking nickname, but it does not help much in the way of argument. If it is intended to convey the meaning that a company which is under the absolute control of one person is not a company legally incorporated, although the requirements of the Act of 1862 may have been complied with, it is inaccurate and misleading(10) It was held that the appeal be allowed, and the counter-claim of the company dismissed with costs (both in this hearing and below). Both Vaughan Williams J and the court of Appeal saw it as the duty of the court to look behind the incorporation of the company. Each, for different reasons, felt that Mr Salomon was manipulating the machinery of the Companies Act, 1862 for a purpose for which it was never intended. 11) However, the House of Lords judgment firmly pulled down the veil of incorporation around the company and its members. It is telling, when Lord MacNaghten referring to Vaughan Williams J. comments on the case stated Leave out the words contrary to the true intent and meaning of the Companies Act, 1862(12) It is clear that Lord MacNaghten and his colleagues held that their role was merely to apply and not to interpret the Companies Act, 1862 and that any such interpretation by the courts was out with their jurisdiction. Nevertheless, later courts have found it necessary to lift the veil of incorporation and over the years there has been a number of exceptions to the principle laid down by the Salomon case that the corporation is a separate legal entity. Gonzalo Villalta Puig contends that the verdict reached by the House of Lords in the case of Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd created a double-edged sword. While the verdict helped to drive capitalism by established the company as a separate legal entity with limited liability and allowed it (the company) to enter into contracts in its own name it also helped promoted the evasion of legal obligations by allowing these benefits to be harnessed by small private enterprises. Goulding agrees with Puig but goes further by suggesting that individuals are encouraged to seek limited liability by becoming a limited company even when such a step is not necessary in their particular circumstances. These, and other criticisms have their basis in fact. In the years since the Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd ruling in 1879 there have been a number of instances where the strict interpretation of the law has been questioned in the courts and the courts have seen fit to look behind the corporate veil. Farrar, in his book Company Law outlines several categories under which the courts have sought to pierce the corporate veil, though he is quick to point out the courts have not done this in a systematic way. Rather than defining what is meant by the term incorporation and what it does and does not encapsulate the courts have examined this area on a case-by-case basis. As such, they have maintained the integrity of the Salomon ruling while providing a degree of flexibility but only on a case-by-case basis. It is therefore up to the individual/s who feel they might have a justifiable grievance to take that grievance to the courts and there present a persuasive argument for the corporate veil to be lifted in order that their grievance can be remedied. This in itself can prove very costly and time consuming. Believing one has a justifiable grievance might not be enough for a party to pursue their claim in court as the costs and time constraints might prove prohibitive. While this is not highlighted, by Farrar, it can nevertheless be considered a potential form of abuse.

Its a Mans World Essays

Its a Mans World Essays Its a Mans World Essay Its a Mans World Essay Where do women stand in a mans world? It is a mans world. Men are higher paid, have more options and are overall more noticed in the world than women. But this is not to say that women are left flailing away helplessly at the bottom of the gender food chain or hidden somewhere in the shadows or mans success, because many would argue those mens lives are greatly dependent on women. It is a well known fact that men in general have been known to achieve to a much higher standard than women in the financial world. The top 15 billionaires are all ale except for one female who inherited the money from her belated husband. While these men sit comfortably at one end of the spectrum, many women are located at the complete other end of the extremes occupied by unpaid work. Unpaid work is known to women all over the world from women collecting wood and walking kilometers to find water in Africa to cooking and cleaning in households Just like our own. However, because this type of work does not produce any financial profit alone it is often considered economically redundant and worthless. The truth is that this mind of work is essential for the workings of the rest of society and the existence of the paid work force itself. In 1999 unpaid work was calculated to be valued at 40 million dollars which was equivalent to 39% of the NZ gross domestic product and in 2006 a New Zealand survey showed that women are still more likely to do unpaid work than men. This type of work may be taken up time that could be used to do paid work, but it is this kind of work allows others to get out of the house and do paid work which is why mens financial success is greatly dependent on women.

Balance Sheet and Income Statement Essay Example for Free

Balance Sheet and Income Statement Essay Balance Sheet and Income Statement Jennifer Grayson BSA/500 June 4, 2011 Brian Keltch Balance Sheet and Income Statement The following four companies are related to the companies that have been in review over the last four weeks. These four following companies show how well the company has been doing over the last two years or not so well. The company has pulled their balance sheets and income statement to see if all the company’s financial needs are being met. If the company’s needs are not being met, the company will show where the company needs to cut back and where the company needs to improve. Conclusion National Plastic Co. s not doing well after a year. The company has less net fixed assets after a year. The company has borrowed less liability but the company has less revenue so with the changes it did not work in the favor for the company. AMERCO Inc. is still doing about the same after a year. The big thing is that the company is still able to bring in money with the economy at its worst. The company is able to run comfortable. Kout Food Group is doing about the same as the year before. No growth has happen and no lost has happen. Resaas Services Inc. has made the most growth in a year. In 2010 the total liabilities and equity was 0. 8% and in 2011 5. 67%. The company gained more than 5. 39%. Resaas is doing well. To look at all the different company’s income statements and balance sheets show that no two companies are the same. Some companies may do better than others may and some may not do well at all. It is important for all companies to make sure to have a financial statement. Reference BLOOMBERG L. P. (2012). Balance Sheet and Income Statement. (2018, Oct 26).

Ch.15 - Book - America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System by Essay

Ch.15 - Book - America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System by David W. Neubauer, Henry F. Fradella - Essay Example determined by the parole board who take into account the minimum sentence plus the prisoner’s good behaviour while in jail (positive rehabilitation). Liberal criticism of indeterminate sentencing law is based upon the fact that people who have committed similar crimes usually serve different number of years. This discrepancy creates an ambiguous sentencing system. Conservatively, indeterminate sentencing is based on the principle of rehabilitation. Evidence in the 1970s revealed that rehabilitation had very little impact on the convict’s future decisions with respect to crime. The rehabilitation system also focused on the convict, neglecting the crime and the victims. There was no sense of punishment, retribution or deterrence. Indeterminate sentencing were once very popular but it was however noted that at times judges were too lenient and that rehabilitation did not stop convicts from committing more crimes in the future. Legislature therefore instituted mandatory minimum sentences that had to be served irrespective of good behaviour. Apart from this, sentencing guidelines were also adopted to prevent ambiguous sentencing. Finally, legislatures adopted three-strike laws that act as reinforcement to rehabilitation measures. Indeterminate laws were very common in the 1970s but we however full of inconsistencies. Due to several criticisms about their effectiveness, legislatures around the country undertook several modifications in order to justify its

Maximisation of profit Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Maximisation of profit - Article Example When small groups of people come together and work on a project, they invariably have to analyze as to what their mission and goal are. Organizations are usually classifies into different types like public sector (Central governments, state government run offices, schools, colleges, public welfare systems), private sectors (small business partnerships, limited companies, cooperatives, multinationals etc.), Quasi-Governmental organizations, Organizations in the charitable sector and even the churches and trade unions can be referred to as organizations. (N.Kumar, 1997) Hence, every organization issues a mission statement, which includes the purpose of setting up the organization. In social sciences, organizations are perceived from different dimensions. The general study of how an organization works is termed as organizational behavior or analysis. The whole of organization's behavior revolves only around one aspect-its goal. Every organization should have, irrespective of the field i t operates in, a distinct goal. (N.Kumar, 1997) A goal, not only gives them a direction of persuasion, but also gives the much required motivation to the employees to work towards it, thereby helping them achieve their potential along with the company's growth. Likewise, a conceived state of an organization in a stipulated amount of time is referred to as 'Vision'. 'Vision' is extremely crucial for an organization as it gives a glimpse of the state of the organization after a certain period of time to the employees and stakeholders. 'Vision' can be taken as a benchmark for the company's performance in the future and can be used for comparison of various results recorded by the company. (Davenport Hines, 1990) Private-owned organizations usually have profit-maximization as their sole objective. (Susan Grant, 2000) However, many economists have different views over how an organization's objective should be formulated. Different people have come up with different theories over the issue of organizational objective. Many of them clashed, many of them overlapped and new theories were born out of the overlapping theories, but a general consensus is achieved that profit-maximization should be the sole objective organization though other objectives cannot be safely put aside. In this dissertation, I'd like to analyze the various theories put forward by economists and then draw a suitable conclusion from the same. I will also be studying a few patterns of various industries by taking certain specific examples of how a few companies overcame different situations keeping in their minds profit-maximization as their sole-objective. Literature Review As said above, it is imperative for an organization to identify its objectives before venturing and investing resources into the venture. So what is/are the goals a financial manager in a company will seek. In the first impulse, the only objective, which comes to, the mind, is profit maximization. Any business enterprise aims at earning profits; hence, it may be argued that profit maximization should be the sole objective of the organization. It is needless to say, that earning profits sustains the company's existence and can motivate the company to expand its market and